Corollaries on the Probability that a Research Finding is True

• Corollary 1: The smaller the studies conducted in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true.
• Corollary 2: The smaller the effect sizes in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true.
• Corollary 3: The greater the number and the lesser the selection of tested relationships in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true.
• Corollary 4: The greater the flexibility in designs, definitions, outcomes, and analytical modes in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true.
• Corollary 5: The greater the financial and other interests and prejudices in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true.
• Corollary 6: The hotter a scientific field (with more scientific teams involved), the less likely the research findings are to be true.

John P. A. Ioannidis, Why Most Published Research Findings Are False

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