24 DEC 2013 by ideonexus
An Early Experiment Hinting at DNA
Anomaly (2) was observed by Fred Griffith, decades before DNA and the genetic code. He found that if you inject a heat-treated, dead, virulent species of bacteria (pneumococcus S) into a rat previously infected with a nonvirulent species (pneumococcus R), then species R became transformed into species S, thereby killing the rat. About fifteen years later, Oswald Avery found that you can even do this in a test tube; dead S would transform live R into live S if the two were simply incubated tog... 1 
notes
notesV. S. Ramachandran on a fascinating experiment involving combining dead bacteria with live to produce new bacteria.
23 MAR 2013 by ideonexus
Emotions Happen, But Don't Let Them Cloud Judgement
let’s revisit
that initial encounter in The Sign of Four,
when Mary Morstan, the mysterious lady
caller, first makes her appearance. Do the
two men see Mary in the same light? Not
at all. The first thing Watson notices is the
lady’s appearance. She is, he remarks, a
rather attractive woman. Irrelevant,
counters Holmes. “It is of the first
importance not to allow your judgment to
be biased by personal qualities,” he
explains. “A client is to me a mere unit, a
factor in a problem. The...Folksonomies: emotion mindfulness
Folksonomies: emotion mindfulness
1 Another example using Watson and Holmes.
23 MAR 2013 by ideonexus
Sherlock Holmes Guards His Mind
Holmes and Watson don’t just differ in
the stuff of their attics—in one attic, the
furniture acquired by a detective and selfproclaimed
loner, who loves music and
opera, pipe smoking and indoor target
practice, esoteric works on chemistry and
renaissance architecture; in the other, that
of a war surgeon and self-proclaimed
womanizer, who loves a hearty dinner and
a pleasant evening out—but in the way
their minds organize that furniture to begin
with. Holmes knows the biases of his attic...He is keenly aware of how emotions can doom him, and is ever vigilant against letting corrupt memories into his mind to corrupt his judgement.
04 JAN 2012 by ideonexus
How IBM's Watson Pattern-Matches to Answer Trivia
The way Watson plays the game also requires massive amounts of pattern matching. The supercomputer has been loaded with hundreds of millions of unconnected digital documents, including encyclopedias and other reference works, newspaper stories, and the Bible. When it receives a question, it immediately goes to work to figure out what is being asked (using algorithms that specialize in complex communication), then starts querying all these documents to find and match patterns in search of the ...Folksonomies: automation pattern recognition
Folksonomies: automation pattern recognition
And how it does it so fast.
10 AUG 2011 by ideonexus
Watson's Afterward Concerning Rosalind Franklin
All of these people, should they desire, can indicate events and details they remember differently. But there is one unfortunate exception. In 1958, Rosalind Franklin died at the early age of thirty-seven. Since my initial impressions of her, both scientific and personal (as recorded in the early pages of this book), were often wrong, I want to say something here about her achievements. The X-ray work she did at King's is increasingly regarded as superb. The sorting out of the A and B forms, ... 1 notes
notesIs it wrong to consider him a sexist, when he corrects his perceptions of her earlier in the text, and in the afterword admits he didn't understand the struggles of women scientists.
10 AUG 2011 by ideonexus
Watson Admits to Misunderstanding Rosalind Franklin
Rosy's instant acceptance of our model at first amazed me. I had feared that her sharp, stubborn mind, caught in her self-made antihelical trap, might dig up irrelevant results that would foster uncertainty about the correctness of the double helix. Nonetheless, like almost everyone else, she saw the appeal of the base pairs and accepted the fact that the structure was too pretty not to be true. Moreover, even before she learned of our proposal, the X-ray evidence had been forcing her more th... 1 notes
notesHe mistook her skepticism for feminism and not scientific integrity.
10 AUG 2011 by ideonexus
The Discovery of Bacteria Sexes
I was preoccupied with sex, but not of a type that needed encouragement. The mating habits of bacteria were admittedly a unique conversation pieceçabsolutely no one in his and Odile's social circle would guess bacteria had sex lives. On the other hand, working out how they did it was best left to minor minds. Rumors of male and female bacteria were floating about at Royaumont, but not until early in September, when I attended a small meeting on microbial genetics at Pallanza, did I get the f... 1 notes
notesWatson describes the early discover that bacteria exchange genes, which is mistaken for bacterial sex.
10 AUG 2011 by ideonexus
Watson Describes a Talk by Rosalind Franklin
BY mid-November, when Rosy's talk on DNA rolled about, I had learned enough crystallographic argument to follow much of her lecture.. Most important, I knew what to focus attention upon. Six weeks of listening to Francis had made me realize that the crux of the matter was whether Rosy's new X-ray pictures would lend any sup-port for a helical DNA structure. The really relevant experimental details were those which might provide clues in constructing molecular models. It took, however, only a ... 1 notes
notesAnd, curiously, remarks on his momentary thoughts about how she could make herself more attractive.
10 AUG 2011 by ideonexus
Watson's Perception of Pauling's Rhetorical Flare in His ...
By the time I was back to Copenhagen, the journal containing Linus' article had arrived from the States. I quickly read it and immediately reread it. Most of the language was above me, and so I could only get a general impression of his argument. I had no way of judging whether it made sense. The only thing I was sure of was that it was written with style. A few days later the next issue of the journal arrived, this time containing seven more Pauling articles. Again the language was dazzling ... 1 notes
notesWatson makes a clever and critical note about Pauling's use of style over substance in his published papers.
10 AUG 2011 by ideonexus
Pride Turns Off a Scientific Audience
Pauling's talk was made with his usual dramatic flair. The words came out as if he had been in show business all his life. A curtain kept his model hidden until near the end of his lecture, when he proudly unveiled his latest creation. Then, with his eyes twinkling, Linus explained the specific characteristics that made his model the α-helix uniquely beautiful. This show, like all of his dazzling performances, delighted the younger students in attendance. There was no one like Linus in all t... 1 notes
notesWatson describes Pauling's lecture and his showmanship, which quietly infuriates his audience.
