Brain Differences Between Sciences and Humanities

The areas of academic interest (sciences or humanities) and area of study have been known to be associated with a number of factors associated with autistic traits. However, despite the vast amount of literature on the psychological and physiological characteristics associated with faculty membership, brain structural characteristics associated with faculty membership have never been investigated directly. In this study, we used voxel-based morphometry to investigate differences in regional gray matter volume (rGMV)/regional white matter volume (rWMV) between science and humanities students to test our hypotheses that brain structures previously robustly shown to be altered in autistic subjects are related to differences in faculty membership. We examined 312 science students (225 males and 87 females) and 179 humanities students (105 males and 74 females). Whole-brain analyses of covariance revealed that after controlling for age, sex, and total intracranial volume, the science students had significantly larger rGMV in an anatomical cluster around the medial prefrontal cortex and the frontopolar area, whereas the humanities students had significantly larger rWMV in an anatomical cluster mainly concentrated around the right hippocampus. These anatomical structures have been linked to autism in previous studies and may mediate cognitive functions that characterize differences in faculty membership. The present results may support the ideas that autistic traits and characteristics of the science students compared with the humanities students share certain characteristics from neuroimaging perspectives. This study improves our understanding of differences in faculty membership which is the link among cognition, biological factors, disorders, and education (academia).

Notes:

Folksonomies: cognition neurology brain differences gray matter

Taxonomies:
/health and fitness/disorders (0.488905)
/science/biology/breeding (0.473671)
/art and entertainment/books and literature (0.324424)

Keywords:
faculty membership (0.974145 (positive:0.554706)), autistic traits (0.844228 (positive:0.143840)), medial prefrontal cortex (0.807899 (neutral:0.000000)), /regional white matter (0.792248 (neutral:0.000000)), regional gray matter (0.790722 (neutral:0.000000)), anatomical cluster (0.786344 (neutral:0.000000)), brain structural characteristics (0.785218 (neutral:0.000000)), significantly larger rGMV (0.783671 (neutral:0.000000)), significantly larger rWMV (0.781125 (neutral:0.000000)), total intracranial volume (0.780961 (negative:-0.234430)), humanities (0.774797 (positive:0.354002)), matter volume (0.770111 (neutral:0.000000)), science students (0.719261 (positive:0.354002)), Brain Differences (0.712201 (neutral:0.000000)), autistic subjects (0.681480 (neutral:0.000000)), Whole-brain analyses (0.668983 (negative:-0.229956)), anatomical structures (0.663696 (neutral:0.000000)), voxel-based morphometry (0.662704 (neutral:0.000000)), right hippocampus (0.661638 (neutral:0.000000)), physiological characteristics (0.661187 (neutral:0.000000)), previous studies (0.647843 (neutral:0.000000)), brain structures (0.646065 (neutral:0.000000)), cognitive functions (0.646022 (neutral:0.000000)), frontopolar area (0.645493 (neutral:0.000000)), present results (0.644963 (positive:0.354002)), biological factors (0.643909 (negative:-0.205022)), certain characteristics (0.635790 (positive:0.354002)), study (0.597759 (positive:0.344544)), males (0.567515 (neutral:0.000000)), females (0.565486 (neutral:0.000000))

Entities:
gray matter:FieldTerminology (0.941469 (neutral:0.000000)), frontopolar:City (0.742863 (neutral:0.000000))

Concepts:
Brain (0.950371): dbpedia | freebase | opencyc
Cerebrum (0.670112): dbpedia | freebase | opencyc
Cognition (0.607311): dbpedia | freebase | opencyc
Academia (0.578106): dbpedia | freebase
Limbic system (0.529480): dbpedia | freebase | opencyc
Prefrontal cortex (0.519846): dbpedia | freebase
Premotor cortex (0.498067): dbpedia | freebase
Social sciences (0.466630): dbpedia | opencyc

 Brain structures in the sciences and humanities.
Periodicals>Journal Article:  Takeuchi, Taki, Sekiguchi, Nouchi, Kotozaki, Nakagawa, Miyauchi, Iizuka, Yokoyama, Shinada, Yamamoto, Hanawa, Araki, Hashizume, Sassa, Kawashima (7/31/2014), Brain structures in the sciences and humanities., Brain structure & function, Retrieved on 2014-08-09
  • Source Material [www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Folksonomies: cognition brain structure